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梅毒是由梅毒螺旋体(Tp)感染所引起的性传播疾病。梅毒感染可引发机体多系统慢性持续性损害,可垂直传播,还可明显增加感染和传播艾滋病的危险性。尽管付出相当的努力,但Tp不同寻常的生物学特征及当前梅毒疫苗方法学的不足严重阻碍了梅毒疫苗的研究进程,迄今为止,国内外仍然没有切实有效的疫苗能预防Tp感染。简要介绍了梅毒感染后机体免疫应答特点,综述了梅毒疫苗的类型及疫苗发展中可能存在的障碍,并进一步提出了今后梅毒疫苗设计的新方向。
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the infection of Treponema pallidum (Tp). Syphilis infection can lead to multiple chronic systemic chronic damage, can be vertical transmission, but also significantly increase the risk of infection and transmission of AIDS. Despite considerable efforts, the unusual biological characteristics of Tp and the inadequacy of the current syphilis vaccine methodology have seriously hindered the progress of syphilis vaccine research. To date, no effective vaccine has been available to prevent Tp infection in China and abroad. The characteristics of the immune response after syphilis infection were briefly introduced. The types of syphilis vaccine and possible obstacles in the development of the vaccine were summarized. A new direction of syphilis vaccine design was proposed.