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目的探讨基层医院住院流浪精神病患者临床特点,以便更好地指导临床护理工作。方法将我院2008年1月年至2015年12月收治的63例救助精神病患者作为救助组,同期收治的3201例普通精神病患作为在普通组,观察两组的临床特点。评估两组患者入院时的生活自理能力(ADL)、依存性及精神病护理观察量表(NOSIE)并进行比较。结果生活自理能力评估救助组较普通组比低,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);依从性方面救助组较普通组差,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001);精神病护理观察量表社会功能、社区兴趣、个人卫生救助组较普通组低,而激惹、精神症状、阻滞、抑郁较救助组高,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论救助精神病患者在生活自理能力、依从性和精神病临床表现方面与普通精神病患者存在差别。精神障碍诊断两组差异应根据救助精神病患者的临床特点,提出相应的护理措施。救助精神病患者的病情复杂,有针对性的护理措施可有效改善患者的精神症状及社会功能。
Objective To explore the clinical features of hospitalized stray psychosis patients in primary hospitals in order to better guide clinical nursing. Methods A total of 63 psychiatric patients with psychosis who were treated in our hospital from January 2008 to December 2015 were selected as the relief group and 3201 psychiatric patients treated in the same period as the general group. The clinical features of the two groups were observed. The ADL, the dependence and the psychiatric care observation scale (NOSIE) were evaluated and compared between the two groups. Results The self-care ability assessment and rescue group was lower than the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001); the compliance group was lower than the normal group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.001); psychiatric care observation scale Social function, community interest and personal health aid group were lower than those in general group, while irritability, mental symptoms, block and depression were higher than those in rescue group (P <0.001). Conclusion Patients with mental disorder have differences from common psychiatric patients in their self-care ability, compliance and clinical manifestations of psychosis. The differences between the two groups in the diagnosis of mental disorders should be based on the clinical features of patients with mental disorders, the corresponding care measures. Psychiatric assistance to patients with complex conditions, targeted care measures can effectively improve the patient’s mental symptoms and social functions.