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目的探讨老年低位直肠癌前切除术后吻合口瘘的相关因素。方法回顾性分析上海交通大学附属仁济医院2010年7月~2014年7月行老年低位直肠癌前切除术352例，根据患者一般情况、肿瘤大小、病理分期、手术方式、术前有无联合放化疗等因素，采用单因素分析，探讨老年人低位直肠癌吻合口瘘的相关因素。结果352例老年低位直肠癌前切除术后发生吻合口瘘31例，发生率8.8%；单因素分析提示：吻合口瘘的发生率与糖尿病、低蛋白血症、贫血、肿瘤下缘距齿状线距离有相关性；而与性别、肿瘤直径、组织学类型、分化程度、TNM分期、术前有无放疗、吻合技术及手术方式无明显关系。结论应重视老年低位直肠癌前切除术后发生吻合口瘘的相关因素，采取相应的预防措施和选择合理的手术方式。“,”Objective To investigate the related factors for anastomotic fistula of elderly low rectal cancer resection . Methods 352 cases of elderly low rectal cancer resection were etrospectively analyzed form July 2010 to July 2014, according to the patient's general condition, tumor size, pathologic stage, factors such as operation method, single factor analysis were ultlized, to explore the related factors for anastomotic fistula of elderly low rectal cancer. Results 31 cases out of 352 cases suf ered anastomotic fistula, the incidence of 8.8%. The related factors included as fol ow:hypoalbuminemia and diabetes, anemia, and the edge of the tumor from the dentate line distance of 3 cm or less relevant. Conclusion Cor esponding prevention measures and reasonable operation method choice should be paid at ention to,so as to avoid anastomotic fistula.