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目的探讨水中、油污中无电流斑电击死法医学鉴定的病理形态学依据。方法 SD大鼠28只,分为水中、油污中无电流斑电击死各1组,典型电流斑组、正常对照组、死后电击组、死后水中、油污中电击各1组共7组。采用肉眼、光镜及投射电镜观察水中、油污中无电流斑电击死大鼠皮肤和心肌组织病理学改变,并与其它各组进行比较。结果采用肉眼观察,生前水中、油污中无电流斑电击死大鼠皮肤未见明显电流斑。普通光镜观察,可见电击中心部位表皮变性坏死、脱落,表皮细胞变薄、致密,表皮细胞或/和毛囊、汗腺、皮脂腺发生极性化改变。电镜观察,透明层和角质层分离脱落,基底细胞肿胀、细胞器减少、核固缩,汗腺导管上皮肿胀,棘细胞中粗面内质网扩张融合成泡状,线粒体肿胀空泡化;但光镜与电镜的变化与生前电击死比较不明显、典型。而死后电击组皮肤则无明显病理学改变。实验各组大鼠心肌的改变与皮肤改变类同。结论采用光镜和投透射电镜观察在潮湿环境中电击死的组织病理学改变,可为无电流斑电击死提供依据。
Objective To investigate the pathomorphological basis of forensic identification of electroless spot electrocution in water and oil. Method SD rats 28, into the water, no current oil shock dead spot in each group 1, a typical current spot group, the control group, group shock death, death water, oil shock in each group 1 of 7 groups. The naked eye, light microscope and projection electron microscope were used to observe the histopathological changes in the skin and myocardium of rats without electric spot electrocution in water and oil, and compared with other groups. Results using naked eyes, before living water, oil stain in the absence of current spot electroshock rat skin showed no significant current spot. Ordinary light microscope, the central portion of the visible shock epidermal necrosis, loss, thinning of the epidermis, dense, epidermal cells and / or hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands of the polarity change. Electron microscopy showed the detachment of the transparent layer and the stratum corneum, the swelling of basal cells, the decrease of organelles, nuclear pyknosis, swelling of the ductal epithelium of the sweat gland, expansion and fusion of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the spinous cells, and swelling of the mitochondria. Changes with the electron microscope and before death electric shock is not obvious, typical. However, there was no obvious pathological change in the skin of the shock group after death. Myocardial changes in experimental groups were similar to those in skin changes. Conclusion The histopathological changes of electroshock in humid environment can be observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope, which can provide basis for electrocautery without electroporation.