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目的调查中国三地区孕妇的膳食模式、血浆磷脂酰胆碱(PC)中多种脂肪酸的含量和它们之间的关系。方法选取淡水河湖(江苏句容)、沿海(山东日照)和内陆(河北徐水)地区各一处,与当地医院妇产科合作,每地区选取35位健康常住孕妇,通过问卷形式调查她们妊娠中期膳食情况,包括膳食频率与食用油消费量,并于妊娠晚期以气相色谱法检测其血浆PC中各种脂肪酸含量。结果日照孕妇海鱼消费频次显著高于另两地区(P<0.017)。三地血浆PC中主要n-3多不饱和脂肪酸均为二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)。其百分含量分别为(3.31±0.77)%、(3.74±1.21)%和(2.44±0.63)%,徐水地区显著低于另两地区(P<0.017)。DHA含量与海鱼摄入存在正相关(r=0.337,P<0.05)。结论三地区孕妇血浆PC脂肪酸构成与膳食情况相关。妊娠期间从食物直接摄取n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸可能比内源合成对维持体内DHA水平更具实际意义。
Objective To investigate the dietary patterns of pregnant women in three regions of China, the content of various fatty acids in plasma phosphatidylcholine (PC) and their relationship. Methods A total of 35 healthy, permanent pregnant women were selected from each region for the selection of Tamsui Lake (Jurong, Jiangsu Province), coastal areas (Rizhao, Shandong Province) and inland areas (Xushui, Hebei Province) in cooperation with the obstetrics and gynecology department of the local hospital. Their mid-trimester diet, including dietary frequency and edible oil consumption, and in the third trimester of pregnancy by gas chromatography to detect the plasma PC content of various fatty acids. As a result, the consumption frequency of pregnant women was significantly higher than that of the other two regions (P <0.017). The three main plasma n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The percentages were (3.31 ± 0.77)%, (3.74 ± 1.21)% and (2.44 ± 0.63)% respectively in Xushui area and significantly lower than those in the other two areas (P <0.017). There was a positive correlation between DHA content and marine fish intake (r = 0.337, P <0.05). Conclusions The composition of PC fatty acid in the plasma of pregnant women in the three regions is related to the diet. Direct intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from food during pregnancy may be more practical than endogenous synthesis to maintain DHA levels in vivo.