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了解 1 997年上海市全面推广无铅汽油后汽车尾气对职业接触人群的健康危害 ,是否无铅汽油的使用能有效地降低职业接触人群的血铅水平及影响人群的免疫功能。 [方法 ]随机抽取 794名职业接触人群及 5 32名非职业接触人群 ,进行健康问卷调查和体格检查。对收集的数据进行了卡方分析、L ogistic回归及多因素方差分析。 [结果 ]问卷调查显示汽车尾气职业接触人群的呼吸道症状的出现率高于非职业接触组 ,同时部分职业接触人群的健康体检结果显示人群的症状发生及体检结果与职业接触汽车尾气和吸烟状况有关。[结论 ]无铅汽油的汽车尾气同样可以提高职业接触人群呼吸道疾病症状发生率 ,血液免疫蛋白浓度有所增高。两组人群血铅浓度差异无显著性 ,其原因尚待进一步研究。
To understand the health hazards of car exhaust in occupationally exposed population after the promotion of unleaded gasoline in Shanghai in 1997 and whether the use of unleaded gasoline can effectively reduce the blood lead level of the occupationally exposed population and affect the immune function of the population. [Methods] A total of 794 occupational exposure groups and 5 32 non-occupational exposure groups were randomly selected for health survey and physical examination. The collected data were analyzed by Chi-square analysis, L ogistic regression and multivariate analysis of variance. [Results] The questionnaire survey showed that the occurance of respiratory symptoms of occupational exposure to vehicle exhaust was higher than that of non-occupational exposure groups, and the results of physical examinations in some occupational exposure groups showed that the occurrence of symptoms and physical examination results were related to occupational exposure to vehicle exhaust and smoking . [Conclusion] The vehicle exhaust of unleaded petrol can also increase the incidence of respiratory disease symptoms in occupationally exposed people and the concentration of blood immune protein is increased. There was no significant difference in blood lead levels between the two groups. The reason for this remains to be further studied.