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20世纪初,奥地利马克思主义者奥托·鲍威尔提出了“民族文化自治”理论,但由于危害了无产阶级革命运动而受到列宁与斯大林的激烈批判。近些年来由于民族问题成为世界各国普遍面临的重要而棘手的问题,“民族文化自治”重新引起了人们的重视。通过分析奥托·鲍威尔民族理论的历史命运变化,既为我们解决民族问题提供了借鉴,又能够丰富和完善我国社会主义民族理论。
At the beginning of the 20th century, Otto Powell, an Austrian Marxist, put forward the theory of “national cultural autonomy” but was severely criticized by Lenin and Stalin for endangering the proletarian revolutionary movement. In recent years, as ethnic issues have become an important and thorny issue generally faced by all countries in the world, “ethnic cultural autonomy” has re-attracted people’s attention. Analyzing the change of the historical fate of Otto Powell’s theory of nation has not only provided us with reference for our solution to the nationality issue, but also enriched and perfected the theory of our nation’s socialism.