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目的分析2012-2014年宜都市城区动物咬伤病例的流行病学特征,为科学防治狂犬病提供依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法,根据2012-2014年宜都市疾病预防控制中心预防接种门诊接诊的所有动物咬伤病例资料进行流行病学分析。结果 3年间共有3 529例动物咬伤病例,春夏季居多,男女之比为1.12∶1,40~49岁、0~9岁的病例分别占22.64%和17.20%,农民占53.13%。犬伤占78.38%,Ⅱ、Ⅲ级暴露占99.86%,伤及部位在四肢占93.94%。疫苗接种率100%,但免疫球蛋白接种率仅11.31%。结论加强防治宣传力度,主要对象为青壮年农民及10岁以下儿童家长,增强其防护意识和保护措施。加强犬只管理,引导正确饲养动物,受伤者及时进行伤口处理和接种狂犬疫苗、狂犬病免疫球蛋白,以减少犬伤人数和狂犬病发病风险。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of animal bites in urban areas of Yidu city from 2012 to 2014 and provide the basis for scientific prevention and treatment of rabies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to carry out epidemiological analysis based on all animal bites data collected from vaccination clinics in Yidu City Center for Disease Control and Prevention during 2012-2014. Results A total of 3 529 cases of animal bites were found in 3 years. Most of them were in spring and summer. The ratio of male to female was 1.12:1 and 40-49 years old, respectively, accounting for 22.64% and 17.20% respectively for 0-9 years old and 53.13% for peasants. Dogs accounted for 78.38%, Ⅱ, Ⅲ grade exposure accounted for 99.86%, injured parts in limbs accounted for 93.94%. The vaccination rate was 100%, but the immunoglobulin inoculation rate was only 11.31%. Conclusion The prevention and control of publicity campaigns are intensified. The main targets are young and middle-aged peasants and their parents under 10 years of age, and their protection awareness and protection measures are enhanced. Strengthen the dog management, guide the correct animal husbandry, the injured timely treatment of wounds and vaccination rabies vaccine, rabies immunoglobulin to reduce the number of canine injuries and the risk of rabies.