近年来,我国利率市场化改革进程显著提速,但受限于资产规模小、传统业务竞争力不强、资金内部转移定价能力差以及利率风险管理能力弱等因素,利率市场化对中小型商业银行的冲击更大。通过构建包含两家中小型商业银行在内的古诺竞争模型,分析我国放开贷款利率和存款利率管制对中小型商业银行的影响。研究表明,当存款利率仍处于管制状态,而贷款利率市场化时,会对中小型商业银行经营发展产生不利影响。中小企业所能提供的贷款担保比例越高,中小企业的经营越有保证,但中小企业所面临的投资风险对中小型商业银行的影响是不确定的。存款利率的放开会缩小中小型商业银行的存贷差,进而影响中小型商业银行的期望利润。然而,由于我国居民的预防性储蓄较高,短期内中小型商业银行可能受到的冲击会小于预期。在长期,随着居民适宜储蓄缺口的缩小,中小型商业银行的利差收缩也未必会对中小型商业银行的经营发展产生不利影响。 In recent years, the process of marketization of interest rate in our country has accelerated remarkably. However, restricted by factors such as small asset size, weak competitiveness of traditional businesses, poor internal transfer pricing ability and weak ability of interest rate risk management, The impact is greater. By building a Cournot competition model including two small and medium-sized commercial banks, this paper analyzes the impact of the liberalization of lending rates and deposit rate controls on small and medium-sized commercial banks in China. The research shows that when the deposit rate is still under control and the lending rate is marketized, the operation and development of small and medium-sized commercial banks will be adversely affected. The higher the proportion of loan guarantees that SMEs can provide, the more assured SME management. However, the impact of investment risks faced by SMEs on small and medium-sized commercial banks is uncertain. The liberalization of deposit interest rates will narrow the deposit and loan balances of small and medium-sized commercial banks, thereby affecting the expected profits of small and medium-sized commercial banks. However, due to the high precautionary savings of residents in our country, the impact on small and medium-sized commercial banks in the short term may be less than expected. In the long run, with the narrowing of residents’ appropriate saving gap, the spread shrinkage of small and medium-sized commercial banks may not necessarily adversely affect the operation and development of small and medium-sized commercial banks.