论文部分内容阅读
针对黄淮海平原由于连年旋耕所导致的犁底层加厚上移、耕层变浅的问题,引入一种全新的耕作技术——深旋松耕,以改良耕层障碍因素,提高冬小麦产量.设置深松20 cm(SS20)、深旋松30 cm(DVR30)两个处理,以深松20 cm为对照,研究深旋松耕作对土壤物理特性及小麦开花期光合特性的影响.结果表明:DVR30处理能够充分破除犁底层,DVR30处理10~20和20~30 cm土层容重分别较SS20处理降低了9.5%和11.2%,DVR30处理20~30 cm穿透阻力较SS20处理降低了42.3%.DVR30能够增强水分入渗能力,提高土壤深层贮水量.随着深度的增加,DVR30处理土壤含水量显著增加,30~40和40~50 cm土层含水量分别较SS20处理提高16.9%和10.6%,且差异达到显著水平,0~50 cm土壤贮水量提高3.3%.DVR30处理创造了良好的耕层环境,促进了小麦开花期光合能力的提高,与SS20处理相比,DVR30处理小麦开花期叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)及净光合速率分别提高1.3%和15.5%,小麦地上部、地下部干物质累积量亦有显著增加,同时DVR30处理通过提高小麦有效穗数,提高了产量,实际增产12.4%.综上,短期深旋松耕作能够充分破除犁底层、深松活土,为构建合理耕层结构、充分挖掘耕层潜力提供了一种新的技术手段.
Aiming at the problem that Huanghe - Huai - Hai Plain caused the thickening and plowing of plow bottom due to successive rotary tillage, the introduction of a new tillage technology - deep - rotating tillage to improve obstacles of plow layer and increase the yield of winter wheat. The effects of deep loosening and tillage on soil physical properties and photosynthetic characteristics of wheat at flowering stage were studied under the conditions of 20 cm deep subsoiling (SS 20) and deep loosening 30 cm (DVR 30) Compared with SS20 treatment, the DVR30 treatment reduced soil bulk density by 9.5% and 11.2%, respectively, compared with SS20 treatment, and DVR30 treatment reduced penetration resistance by 20-30 cm by 42.3% compared with SS20 treatment.DVR30 With the increase of depth, the soil moisture content of DVR30 treatment increased significantly, the water content of soil layers of 30-40 and 40-50 cm increased by 16.9% and 10.6% respectively compared with SS20 treatment, And the difference reached a significant level, water storage capacity increased by 3.3% in 0 ~ 50 cm soil layer.DVR30 treatment created a good tillage environment and promoted the photosynthetic capacity of wheat at flowering stage. Compared with SS20 treatment, Chlorophyll content (SPAD) and net photosynthetic rate Not increase by 1.3% and 15.5%, dry matter accumulation in aerial part and underground part of wheat also increased significantly, meanwhile, DVR30 increased the yield by 12.4% by increasing the effective number of ears of wheat, in conclusion, short-term deep-seeding pine The method can completely remove the plow bottom and the deep loosen soil and provide a new technical means for building a rational tilth plow structure and fully taping the potential of the topsoil.