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目的对某轨道交通公共场所初步设计方案进行卫生学预评价,评估项目建成后公共场所卫生健康影响因素的危害程度。方法依据相关卫生标准,在南方某临近城市已建轨道交通线路中随机抽取10个运营中的、相类似的地下车站进行室内环境卫生和集中空调通风系统中18个健康影响因素的检测,采用类比分析法并结合现场卫生学调查对拟建项目公共场所健康危害因素进行分析和预评价。结果 18个健康影响因素在10个类比车站中共检出不合格指标4个,分别为室内空气环境温度、空调送风中细菌总数和真菌总数、空调新风量,共检测18个指标508点次(份),检出不合格15点次(份),不合格率为2.95%。卫生检测结果表明,类比车站室内空气质量与空调通风系统的卫生质量基本符合相关规范标准的要求。结论新项目初步设计方案可行,地下车站建成后健康危害因素影响程度可控,但运营期间应加强设施设备维护和环境卫生管理。
Objective To preliminarily evaluate the hygienic preliminarily design scheme of public places in a mass transit rail transit and assess the hazard degree of the health factors in public places after the completion of the project. Methods Based on relevant health standards, 10 similar underground stations were selected randomly from the existing rail transit lines in an adjacent city in southern China to test 18 health factors in indoor sanitation and central air-conditioning and ventilation systems. Analysis and combined with on-site health survey on the proposed project public health hazards analysis and pre-evaluation. Results 18 health factors in the 10 analogy stations were detected in the unqualified 4, respectively, the indoor air temperature, air conditioning air supply in the total number of bacteria and fungi, air conditioning air volume, a total of 18 indicators were detected 508 points ( ), Detected unqualified 15 points (copies), the failure rate of 2.95%. Hygienic test results show that the indoor air quality of analog station and the hygienic quality of air conditioning and ventilation system basically meet the requirements of relevant normative standards. Conclusion The preliminary design of the new project is feasible. The impact of health hazard factors after the completion of the underground station can be controlled. However, facilities and equipment maintenance and sanitation management should be strengthened during operation.