十九世纪末二十世纪初,正值美国资本主义蓬勃发展的时期,尤其是南北战争前后,美国经济更是突飞猛进。1860—1890年,在短短30年时间里,美国工业迅速超过主要欧洲国家,基本实现了工业化进程。伴随着美国工业化的迅速发展,城市化也进入鼎盛时期。随着工业化进程的深入,人类生存环境的剧变引发广泛关注,全球变暖、物种迅减、生态失衡、资源匮乏、土地沙化等 From the late nineteenth century to the beginning of the twentieth century, just as the U.S. capitalism thrived, especially before and after the Civil War, the U.S. economy grew by leaps and bounds. From 1860 to 1890, in only 30 years, the U.S. industry rapidly surpassed the major European countries and basically realized the industrialization process. With the rapid development of industrialization in the United States, urbanization also entered its heyday. With the deepening of industrialization, the dramatic changes in the living environment of mankind have caused widespread concern, such as global warming, swift species decline, ecological imbalance, scarce resources and land desertification