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伤寒是由沙门氏菌属,D族伤寒杆菌所引起的一种急性肠道传染病。解放后由于党和国家的重视,积极贯彻了预防为主的方针,使伤寒的流行已基本控制。目前仅有少数散发的病例。在远东、中东、中美、南美及非洲的许多国家还有地方性的伤寒流行。但欧洲的其它国家及北美在半个世纪以来的发病率已大大下降了,变成为一种输入的疾病。有的国家自国外输入的伤寒占85％,副伤寒占21％,由于国际间旅行的感染率逐渐增加,故有“假日伤寒”之称。一、伤寒的发病机理 (一)病原体的作用: 目前认为,伤寒杆菌的侵入门户主要是胃肠道,可能是小肠上段。伤寒杆菌的感染数量受到许多因素的影响,虽然流行病学资料表明少量伤寒杆菌(10～100个)便足以引起感染,但“志愿者”
Typhoid fever is an acute intestinal infectious disease caused by Salmonella, D typhi. Since the liberation, due to the emphasis placed by the party and the state, the principle of prevention has been actively implemented so that the epidemic of typhoid fever has been basically controlled. There are only a few cases of sporadic cases. There are also endemic typhus epidemics in many countries in the Far East, the Middle East, Central and South America, and Africa. However, the incidence of other European countries and North America in half a century has dropped dramatically, becoming an imported disease. Some countries imported 85% of typhoid fever from abroad and 21% of paratyphoid fever. As the infection rate in international travels gradually increases, it is called “holiday typhoid fever.” First, the pathogenesis of typhoid (a) the role of pathogens: At present, the invasion of typhoid Salmonella portal mainly gastrointestinal tract, may be the upper small intestine. The number of typhoid bacilli affected by many factors, although epidemiological data show that a small amount of Salmonella typhi (10 to 100) will be sufficient to cause infection, but “volunteers”