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目的调查某公司发生的一起食物中毒事件,利用现场流行病学和卫生学调查方法分析事件的危险因素,并提出预防措施。方法制定病例定义,开展病例搜索和个案调查,采用描述性流行病学方法分析事件特征,开展回顾性队列研究和剂量-反应关系分析探讨危险因素,现场卫生学调查分析事件发生影响因素。结果从某公司员工中共搜索到40例病例,罹患率为19.4%(40/206),临床表现为恶心(100%,40/40)、呕吐(82.5%,33/40)、头晕(82.5%,33/40)、腹痛(65.0%,26/40)、头痛(30.0%,12/40),潜伏期最短0.5 h,最长5 h。流行曲线符合点源暴发模式,回顾性队列研究结果提示可疑食物为1月19日午餐的扁豆炒肉(RR=8.8,95%CI:1.3~60.8),剂量-反应关系分析结果显示进食量越多的员工,发病的危险性越大(χ~2_(Trends)=7.8,P<0.05)。现场卫生学调查提示,事件发生的可能危险因素是烹煮时间不足,导致扁豆未能煮熟煮透。结论本次食物中毒事件为进食未煮熟的扁豆引起。应加强食品从业人员食品安全意识,掌握正确的食品烹饪方法。
Objective To investigate a food poisoning incident occurred in a company and to analyze the risk factors of the incident by on-site epidemiological and hygienic investigation and to put forward preventive measures. Methods To define the cases, conduct case searches and case studies, use descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the characteristics of the events, conduct a retrospective cohort study and dose-response relationship analysis to explore the risk factors, and investigate the factors influencing the occurrence of the incidents. Results A total of 40 cases were searched from a company employee. The attack rate was 19.4% (40/206). The clinical manifestations were nausea (100%, 40/40), vomiting (82.5%, 33/40), dizziness (82.5% , 33/40), abdominal pain (65.0%, 26/40), headache (30.0%, 12/40), the shortest incubation period of 0.5 h and the longest time of 5 h. The epidemic curve was in line with point outbreak mode. The results of the retrospective cohort showed that the suspicious food was lentils meat with lunch on January 19 (RR = 8.8,95% CI: 1.3-60.8). The dose-response relationship analysis showed that the food intake More staff, the greater the risk of onset (χ ~ 2_ (Trends) = 7.8, P <0.05). An on-site hygiene survey suggested a possible risk factor for the incident was insufficient cooking time, resulting in lentils being cooked and cooked. Conclusion The food poisoning caused by eating uncooked lentils. The food safety awareness of food practitioners should be strengthened and the correct food cooking methods should be mastered.