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目的：探讨小学生行为健康水平与学习成绩的关系。方法：调查271名三至六年级学生的学习成绩，并对其使用Rutter儿童行为问卷，儿童Nowicki－Strickland内外控制量表（CNSIE）和艾森克人格问卷（儿童版）进行调查。结果：学习成绩较好的学生行为问题较学习成绩较差的学生少。学习成绩与父母评行为问卷总分、教师评行为问卷总分和心理控制量分成正相关，与艾森克人格问卷E量分成负相关；多元逐步回归分析结果也与之一致。结论：小学生学习成绩受多种行为学因素影响，行为问题和内向性格是重要影响因素，应加强对小学生的行为学教育和研究。
Objective: To explore the relationship between primary school students’ behavioral health and academic performance. METHODS: The academic performance of 271 grade 3 to 6 students was investigated and their use of the Rutter Child Behavior Questionnaire, the Children Nowicki-Strickland Internal and External Control Scale (CNSIE) and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Child Version) were investigated. Results: Students with better academic performance had fewer behavioral problems than those with poor academic performance. The results of the academic performance were positively correlated with the parental rating behavior questionnaire score, the teacher evaluation rating questionnaire score and the psychological control rating score, and the negative correlation with the Eysenck personality questionnaire E score. The multiple stepwise regression analysis was consistent with the results. Conclusion: Primary school students’ academic performance is affected by many behavioral factors. Behavior problems and introverts are important influencing factors. Behavioral education and research on primary school students should be strengthened.