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随着Myriad案中美国最高法院否定BRCA1/2基因可专利性判决的做出,人体基因的可专利性争议愈演愈烈。人体基因专利的法理正当性之争议表现为法律属性上发明与发现之争和理论依据上独占与共有之争,伦理可行性之诘问表现为人格价值的亵渎问题和制度正义的抑制风险,政策合理性之考量则表现为社会创新政策的衡量和公共健康危机的化解。从我国现阶段基因技术发展水平和专利制度运行态势出发,应该对人体基因的可专利性持肯定态度,但有必要对人体基因专利权进行限制,以规避制度风险,实现权益均衡。
With Myriad’s case in which the US Supreme Court denied the patentability of the BRCA1 / 2 gene, disputes over the patentability of the human genome intensified. The controversy over the legal justification of human gene patents is the dispute over the invention and discovery of legal attributes and the argument that the ethical feasibility is based on the dispute between monopolization and common ownership. The question of the ethical feasibility is the blasphemous issue of personality values and the risk of inhibition of institutional justice. The policy is reasonable Sexual considerations are manifested in the measurement of social innovation policies and the resolution of public health crises. Starting from the current level of genetic technology development in our country and the operational status of the patent system, we should hold a positive attitude towards the patentability of human genes. However, it is necessary to restrict the patent rights of human genes so as to avoid institutional risks and achieve a balance of rights and interests.