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目的:通过比较中加两所医院手术室和肿瘤科护士对职业危害的感知与职业防护现状,为中国医疗卫生保健管理部门开展深入研究,制定相关政策提供借鉴。方法:自行设计与开发护士职业危害与防护量表,并将该量表法语化与汉语化,在中加两所综合性大学附属医院开展调查。结果:不同调查点护士年龄分布差异有统计学意义,调查对象职位分布差异无统计学意义;中国护士对生物性职业危害及总体危害的感知程度比加拿大护士高,中国护士对锐器伤、喷溅物、空气传播性生物危害的感知程度比加拿大护士高,中国护士对举/搬运大重量器具危害的感知程度比加拿大护士高,但中国护士对手术室烟雾危害的感知程度比加拿大护士低;中国医疗机构在降低护士生物性职业危害及化学性职业危害等方面所采取的相关职业防护措施力度低于加拿大。结论:跨国研究存在的文化差异显著,护士对职业危害感知与其职业防护知识背景紧密相关,我国护士职业防护面临严峻的挑战,医院应加大对临床护士职业防护教育的力度,引进先进理念与标准,进一步推动相关政策的制定。
OBJECTIVE: To provide a reference for China’s medical and healthcare administrations to conduct in-depth research and formulate relevant policies by comparing occupational hazards and perceptions of occupational hazards between operation rooms and oncology nurses in the two Chinese and Canadian hospitals. Methods: To design and develop the occupational hazards and protection scale of nurses by themselves, and to make the scale French and Chinese, carry out the investigation in two comprehensive university affiliated hospitals in China and Canada. Results: There were significant differences in age distribution among nurses in different investigation points, and there was no significant difference in the distribution of posts among the surveyed subjects. Chinese nurses were more aware of biological occupational hazards and overall harm than Canadian nurses. The awareness of splatter and airborne biological hazard was higher than that of Canadian nurses. Chinese nurses were more aware of the dangers of lifting / handling heavyweights than Canadian nurses, but Chinese nurses were less aware of the smoke hazards of operating theaters than Canadian nurses. Relevant occupational protective measures taken by Chinese medical institutions in reducing the biological occupational hazards and chemical occupational hazards of nurses are lower than those in Canada. Conclusion: There are significant cultural differences in transnational research. Nurses’ perception of occupational hazards is closely related to their professional knowledge of occupational protection. Occupational protection of nurses in our country faces severe challenges. Hospital should intensify its efforts in occupational protection education for clinical nurses and introduce advanced concepts and standards , To further promote the formulation of relevant policies.