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铁铁线路作业(新建、改造、大修、维修和日常保养等)是一项极繁重的工作:作业量大、工序庞杂、技术要求高、作业条件差,用人工大修一公里线路就需要1,500～2,000个工,用人工清筛一公里道床就需要400多个工。各国铁路的工务部门向来是占劳力最多的部门之一。近20多年以来,各工业发达的国家为了适应铁路运输发展的要求,先后采用了重型钢轨、钢筋混凝土轨枕、加厚道床等措施,凡此种种,都要求使用线路机械来代替人工作业。
Iron and steel line operations (new construction, overhaul, maintenance and routine maintenance, etc.) is a very heavy work: large amount of operations, complex processes, high technical requirements, poor working conditions, with manual overhaul of a kilometer line will need 1,500 ~ 2,000 workers, manually clearing a kilometer track bed will need more than 400 workers. The public works department of the national railways has always been one of the most labor-intensive departments. In the past two decades or so, in order to meet the requirements of railway transport development, the developed countries of various industries have successively adopted such measures as heavy rail, reinforced concrete sleepers and thickened ballast beds. All these require the use of line machinery instead of manual work.