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【目的】麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae是我国冬小麦产区的重要害虫,为明确小麦-油菜间作(简称:麦油间作)和小麦-大蒜间作(简称:麦蒜间作)田中麦长管蚜及其天敌的种群发生动态,进而为麦田天敌资源的可持续利用和小麦害虫的生态控制提供依据。【方法】本文研究了不同间作方式下,麦长管蚜及其主要自然天敌的种群发生特点,并尝试采用数量食物网的分析方法,描述和分析了不同营养阶层的互作关系。【结果】在调查期内,麦油间作田和麦蒜间作田中麦长管蚜无翅蚜的种群密度在小麦灌浆期显著低于单作田;麦油间作田中有较高的瓢虫种群密度,而寄生蜂的种群密度在小麦抽穗扬花期显著高于单作田和麦蒜间作田;麦蒜间作田有翅蚜的种群数量显著高于单作田和麦油间作田,而对瓢虫和蚜茧蜂的种群数量变动无明显影响。数量食物网分析表明,除草蛉类和食蚜蝇类外,其他同一种类的天敌类群,对3种间作方式下麦长管蚜的控制贡献率差别不大。【结论】麦油间作和麦蒜间作能够提高麦蚜主要天敌的种群数量,进而控制麦长管蚜的危害。
【Aim】 Sitobion avenae, an important pest in the winter wheat production area in China, is an important pest in the field of winter wheat in China. It is the first time to identify the wheat aphid in the field of wheat-canola intercropping (wheat intercropping) and wheat-garlic intercropping The populations of natural enemies are dynamic, which provides the basis for the sustainable utilization of natural enemies of wheat fields and the ecological control of wheat pests. 【Method】 In this paper, we studied the population characteristics of aphids and their natural enemies under different intercropping methods. We tried to describe and analyze the interaction among different nutrition classes by using quantitative food web analysis method. 【Result】 The results showed that during the investigation period, the population density of wheat aphid-free aphid in field intercropping wheat and wheat-wheat intercropping wheat field was significantly lower than that of monoculture in the wheat filling stage; the population density of ladybug was higher in the wheat intercropping field, The population density of parasitoids was significantly higher at heading and flowering stage than that of single cropping field and wheat-wheat field. The population of field-winged aphids was significantly higher than that of monoculture field and wheat-oil intercropping field, while that of lady-beetle and aphid There was no significant change in the number of bee populations. Quantitative food web analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the control contribution of the same species of natural enemies among the three herbivorous species and herbivorous insects on the control of aphids in the three intercropping systems. 【Conclusion】 Intercropping with wheat and wheat intercropping can increase the populations of main natural enemies of wheat aphids, and then control the harm of Aphis gossypii.