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近年来,由于器官移植术的普及、免疫抑制剂的使用以及恶性肿瘤和广谱抗生素的使用,使得侵袭性曲霉病感染率不断上升。由于侵袭性曲霉感染患者缺乏特征性临床症状和影像学指征,微生物培养耗时长且敏感性低,影像学和病理学检查具有副作用和创伤性,很难早期诊断。分子诊断技术中聚合酶链反应(PCR)、实时荧光定量PCR、基因探针技术、斑点杂交等方法具有特异性和敏感性高、快速等优点,在侵袭性曲霉病感染诊断中具有明显的优势,但也存在着局限性,如检验过程缺乏规范化,检测的敏感性和特异性报道不一,在检测过程中易出现假阳性和假阴性。但随着科技的进步,侵袭性曲霉病的分子诊断技术的方法将不断完善,更新,为IA诊断提供新的手段。
In recent years, the prevalence of invasive aspergillosis has been on the rise due to the popularity of organ transplantation, the use of immunosuppressive agents, and the use of malignancies and broad-spectrum antibiotics. Due to the lack of characteristic clinical symptoms and imaging indications in patients with invasive aspergillosis, microbial culture takes a long time and has a low sensitivity, imaging and pathology have side effects and traumatic effects and are difficult to diagnose early. Molecular diagnostic techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR, gene probe technology, dot blot hybridization have the advantages of specificity and sensitivity, rapidity, etc., and have obvious advantages in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis infection , But there are also limitations, such as the lack of standardization of the testing process, testing the sensitivity and specificity of different reports, prone to false positives and false negatives in the testing process. However, with the progress of science and technology, the molecular diagnostic techniques for invasive aspergillosis will be continuously improved and updated to provide new measures for the diagnosis of IA.