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美国是世界上最大的粮食生产和出口国之一。2014年,虽然美国农业产值还不到其国内生产总值的3%,但农产品出口创造了历史新高,出口额达到了1525亿美元,约占当年出口总额的9%以上。美国高度发达的农业除了得益于其得天独厚的自然地理条件、专业化和高度机械化的生产方式外,更为重要的是得益于政府长期以来贯彻执行的农业发展政策。而美国农业政策的有效实施又依赖于美国涉农财政体制的有效发挥,本文分析了美国农业政策与涉农财政体制的具体规定及制度设计,以期对我国农业发展提供参考。
The United States is one of the largest food producers and exporters in the world. In 2014, while agricultural output in the United States was less than 3% of its gross domestic product, exports of agricultural products hit a record high, with exports reaching 152.5 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for more than 9% of the total export value of that year. In addition to benefiting from its unique natural and geographical conditions, specialization and highly mechanized production methods, the United States’ highly developed agriculture is more importantly benefiting from the government’s long-established agricultural development policy. However, the effective implementation of the U.S. agricultural policy relies on the effective development of the agriculture-related fiscal system in the United States. This article analyzes the specific provisions and system design of the U.S. agricultural policy and the agriculture-related financial system in order to provide reference for the development of agriculture in China.