自郑玄以来,历代注家或将《论语·述而》篇“五十以学《易》”章的言说时间断为孔子43岁到50岁之间,或将其定在孔子晚年70岁左右赞《易》之时,但又感到这与本章所述“五十”之间存在矛盾,便力图修改“五十”以就己意,故后来又出现了关于本句话的众多异读。近代以来,对这句话的理解又因为所谓的“鲁读”问题而更加复杂。通过相关文献资料对比分析,笔者认为《古论语》和《齐论语》有关这句话的记载应比《鲁论语》更为真实可靠,所谓鲁读问题基本可以排除。“五十以学易”章应是孔子晚年喜《易》后的感叹,其中“五十”当是虚拟语气,与70岁左右言说此话的实际时间并不冲突,它体现了孔子一向的反省精神和对于下学上达的不懈追求,而帛书《易传》和郭店楚简等新近出土文献资料则为此说提供了重要史料凭据,也提供了理解孔子此言的思想背景。于是,借鉴历代先贤之探索成果,参之以帛书《易传》的相关资料,围绕本句话的种种歧见可以尘埃落定,其本来意涵也得以客观展现在我们面前。 Since Zheng Xuan, the commentator of the “Analects of Confucius Described in the Analects” published in the Analects of Confucius in ancient times breaks down the speech time of the chapter “Yi” from the 50th to the 50th, or sets Confucius in his late age 70 When I was about the age of “Like”, I felt that there was a contradiction between this and the “Fifty”, and I tried to amend “Fifty” Many different words. Since modern times, the understanding of this sentence has been further complicated by the so-called “Lu Reading” issue. Through the comparative analysis of related literatures, I think the records of the ancient Analects and the Analects of Confucius should be more true and reliable than that of the Lu analects, and the so-called problems of the reading of Lu are basically ruled out. “Fifty to study easy ” chapter should be Confucius afterglow hi “easy” sigh, in which “fifty ” when is the subjunctive tone, and the 70-year-old talk about the actual time does not conflict, it reflects Confucius has always been the spirit of self-examination and relentless pursuit of the next school, and silk book “Yi Chuan” and Guodian Chu and other unearthed documents provide important historical evidence for this purpose, but also provides an understanding of Confucius said Idea background. Therefore, drawing on the explorations of ancient sages, taking into account the relevant information of the book Yi Zhuan, the various opinions around this sentence can be settled, and its original meaning can also be objectively displayed in front of us.