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本文在其他成土因素相对一致的前提下研究时间因素对土壤性状的影响,并以此为依据探讨分类中的一些问题。随成土时间变长(Q_4—Q_1),土壤的微形态特征,化学性质和粘土矿物组成都发生较大变化。如原生矿物含量减少;三水铝石逐渐增多;高岭石结晶程度变高;粘粒硅铝率和交换量分别由1.91、57.5减至1.25、12.9;游离铁含量增加。分析资料的统计结果表明:成土时间对土壤性状的影响一般小于生物气候的影响;全新世火山灰发育的土壤的粘土矿物、交换量、游离铁含量等性状与红壤截然不同,不应归属于红壤而应在高级分类单元中加以区分;许多在发生上有意义的指标,如硅铝率等,由时间因素引起的变化(Q_3—Q_1)已超过了同一母质发育的不同土类间的变化,因此把Q_3—Q_1玄武岩发育的高富铝土归属于同一土属也是不妥的。
This paper studies the influence of time on the soil properties under the premise that other factors of soil compaction are relatively consistent. Based on this, some problems in taxonomy are discussed. With the increase of soil forming time (Q_4-Q_1), the micro-morphological characteristics of soil, chemical properties and clay mineral composition have changed greatly. Such as the decrease of primary mineral content, the increasing of gibbsite, the high degree of kaolinite crystallization, the reduction of clay-silica ratio and exchange volume from 1.91 and 57.5 to 1.25 and 12.9 respectively, and the increase of free iron content. The statistical results of the analysis data show that: the influence of soil forming time on soil properties is generally less than the impact of bioclimatic conditions; clay mineral, exchange capacity, free iron content and other characteristics of Holocene volcanic ash developed soil is completely different from red soil and should not be attributed to red soil But should be distinguished in the taxonomic units. Many of the significant indicators of occurrence such as Si-Al and so on, the change caused by the time factor (Q_3-Q_1) have exceeded the change of different soil types with the same parent material development, Therefore, the development of Q_3-Q_1 basalt high-rich bauxite belongs to the same soil is not appropriate.