背景: 气传致敏花粉是导致季节性变态反应疾病的最重要因素, 花粉的产生及飘散与气候因素密切相关。目的: 观察南昌市城区大气气传花粉与气象七要素( 气压、气温、湿度、降水、风速、蒸发量、日照) 的相关性, 为提高该地区过敏性疾病的防治水平提供理论依据。设计: 观察性实验。单位: 江西医学院变态反应疾病研究室。材料: 采用 Durham 重量法进行为期一年的大气气传花粉调查, 收集南昌市城区气传致敏花粉、气象资料。方法: 选择南昌市中心的江西医学院南院实验大楼四层楼顶为曝片点,采用 Durham 重量法于 2000- 04- 01/2001- 03- 31 进行为期 1 年的大气气传花粉调查。收集气象资料, 每日气象七要素的详细资料由江西省气象局提供。应用 SAS 6.12 进行多元线性逐步回归分析大气气传花粉与气象因素的相关性。主要观察指标: 南昌市城区气传致敏花粉的种类、数量、季节性分布以及和气象七要素的相关性。结果: 调查发现南昌市长年有花粉飘散, 花粉种类达 47 个种属。柏科花粉主要在 3 月飘散; 松科花粉主要在 3 和 4 月份飘散; 杉木属花粉主要在 3 月飘散; 藜苋科花粉主要在 8～11 月飘散; 豚草属花粉主要在 8～11月, 蒿属花粉主要在 9～11 月飘散; 葎草属以 9 月飘散为主; 禾本科在 12个月中都有出现, 但以 6～10 月飘散为主。在大气气传花粉飘散与气象七要素相关性分析中, 应用几种主要花粉飘散稳定期的花粉计数与气象七要素作多元线性逐步回归分析。松科花粉飘散与气压、气温、风速、日照呈正相关, 与蒸发量、降水呈负相关; 柏科花粉飘散与气压、气温、日照呈正相关, 与湿度、降水、蒸发量、风速呈负相关; 豚草属花粉飘散与气压、气温、风速呈正相关, 与湿度、降水、蒸发量、日照呈负相关; 蒿属花粉飘散与气压、气温、风速呈正相关, 与湿度、降水、蒸发量、日照呈负相关; 禾本科花粉飘散与气压、气温呈正相关, 与湿度、降水、蒸发量呈负相关。但以主要花粉及花粉总量的全年计数进行分析和以主要花粉及花粉总量的半年计数量进行分析时纳入回归方程的因素要少得多。结论: 花粉飘散与气象七要素具有相关性; 在分析气象因素与空中飘散花粉粒数的相关性时, 最好选择单种花粉粒, 并选择其飘散较为稳定的时段进行。 Background: Airborne sensitization pollen is the most important factor leading to seasonal allergic diseases. Pollen generation and release are closely related to climatic factors. Objective: To observe the relativity between atmospheric pollen and the seven elements of meteorology (air pressure, air temperature, humidity, precipitation, wind speed, evaporation, sunshine) in the city of Nanchang and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in this area. Design: Observational experiments. Unit: Department of Alzheimer’s Disease, Jiangxi Medical College. MATERIALS: Durham gravimetric method was used to conduct a year-long atmospheric pollen survey to collect atmospheric sensitized pollen and meteorological data in the urban area of ​​Nanchang. Methods: The top of the fourth floor of the South Hospital Experimental Building in Jiangxi Medical College in Nanchang city was selected as the spot exposure site. Atmospheric pollen survey was conducted by Durham gravimetric method for one year from 2000-04-01 to 2001-03. Gathering meteorological data, detailed information of seven elements of daily meteorological data is provided by Jiangxi Meteorological Bureau. Applying SAS 6.12, multiple linear stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between atmospheric pollen and meteorological factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Species, quantity, seasonal distribution of airborne sensitized pollen in Nanchang city and the correlation with seven elements of meteorology. Results: The survey found that many years of Nanchang pollen floating, 47 species of pollen species. Cypress pollen predominantly floated in March; Pinaceae predominantly floated in March and April; Cyprinus pollen predominantly floated in March; amaranth pollen dispersed predominantly in August-November; and the ragweed pollen mainly occurred in 8-11 In April, the pollen of Artemisia was mainly released in September-November. The genus Rubra was mainly released in September. Gramineae was found in 12 months, but predominantly in June-October. In the correlation analysis of atmospheric airborne pollen dispersion and meteorological seven elements, the pollen count of several major pollen floating stable periods and the meteorological seven elements were used for multiple linear stepwise regression analysis. The pollen dispersion of Pinaceae was positively correlated with air pressure, temperature, wind speed and sunshine, but negatively correlated with evaporation and precipitation. The pollen dispersion was positively correlated with air pressure, air temperature and sunshine, but negatively correlated with humidity, precipitation, evaporation and wind speed. The volatility of pollen of ragweed was positively correlated with air pressure, temperature and wind speed, and negatively correlated with humidity, precipitation, evaporation and sunshine. Pollen dispersion of artemisia was positively correlated with air pressure, air temperature and wind speed, and humidity, precipitation, evaporation and sunshine Negative correlation; grass pollen drift and pressure, temperature was positively correlated, and humidity, precipitation, evaporation was negatively correlated. However, there are far fewer factors to include in the regression equation when analyzing annual full-scale counts of major pollen and pollen aggregates, and semi-annual counts of major pollen and pollen aggregates. Conclusion: Pollen floating is related to the seven elements of weather. In analyzing the correlation between meteorological factors and the number of pollen grains floating in the air, it is advisable to select single species of pollen grains and choose a more stable time period.