Stresses are defined as a variety of environmental factors that pose adverse impacts on plant growth and survival. Rice is an important food crop,whose quality and yield may be affected by environmental stresses. MicroRNAs play an important role in response to stresses,which regulate gene expression at the posttranscription level by cleaving target mRNAs and inhibiting mRNA translation. This paper summarized the mechanism of action of miRNAs and introduced research progress of miRNAs in rice under biotic and abiotic stresses,which provided reference for revealing the functional role of rice mi RNAs in stress resistance. Stresses are defined as a variety of environmental factors that pose adverse impacts on plant growth and survival. Rice is an important food crop, whose quality and yield may be affected by environmental stresses. MicroRNAs play an important role in response to stresses, which regulate gene expression at the posttranscription level by cleaving target mRNAs and introduced mRNAs and introduced research progress of miRNAs in rice under biotic and abiotic stresses, which provided reference for revealing the functional role of rice mi RNAs in stress resistance.