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众所周知,元朝是我国历史上自然灾害泛滥和高发的时期。元代中后期几乎是年年有灾月月有灾,造成广大民众饥贫交困,流民四起,盗贼和农民起义此起彼伏,严重威胁着蒙古王公贵族的统治,为此元代诸帝也是穷尽脑汁予以赈济和减赋,以求缓和尖锐的阶级矛盾挽救统治危机,然而却并不能从根本上缓解灾荒所造成的创伤。有元一代,灾荒与流民伴随着农民起义的号角终将元王朝送进了坟墓。本文以分析元代的较大灾荒以及元廷对受灾流民的赈济措施为主旨,阐明灾荒与流民对元朝的影响。
As we all know, the Yuan Dynasty was a time when the natural disasters in our history were flourishing and high. In the middle and late Yuan Dynasty, there were almost disaster-stricken areas every year, causing the general population to live in poverty and destabilization, causing flocks of people to flee. Riparians and peasant uprisings came one after another, seriously threatening the rule of Mongol kings and nobility. To relief and reduce taxes in order to ease the sharp class contradictions to save the crisis of domination, but it does not fundamentally ease the trauma caused by famine. A generation of Yuan, famine and refugees with the horns of the peasant uprising finally sent the Yuan dynasty into the tomb. This article analyzes the greater famine in the Yuan Dynasty and the relief measures of the affected people in the Yuan Dynasty, and expounds the influence of famine and refugees on the Yuan Dynasty.