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通过两年三季田间定位小区试验,研究减量20%化肥配施精制有机肥(COF)、减量20%化肥配施生物有机肥(CBIO)、常规施肥(CCF,100%NPK)和不施肥(CK)处理对设施菊花产量、土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响。结果表明,连续种植3季后,与CK处理相比,CCF、COF和CBIO处理均显著提高了设施菊花产量、产值、土壤养分含量和酶活性,并改变了土壤微生物区系。与CCF处理相比,COF和CBIO处理均显著增加了土壤细菌、放线菌数量和细菌/真菌值,并降低了真菌数量,且CBIO处理还显著提高了土壤速效养分含量和土壤酶活性并稳定提升土壤酶活性,同时显著提高了设施菊花产量和产值,连续效应明显。CBIO处理的设施菊花产值、土壤碱解氮、速效钾和脲酶活性均显著高于COF处理。除蔗糖酶和中性磷酸酶活性仅受施肥处理影响外,土壤脲酶、脱氢酶、过氧化氢酶活性和土壤微生物数量均受种植时间和施肥处理的交互作用影响,但主要受施肥处理影响。减量化肥配施生物有机肥对于提高作物产量,调控土壤微生物区系和提升土壤肥力作用显著,有利于土壤微生物态环境的发展。
Through field trials in three seasons in two years, we studied the effects of 20% chemical fertilizer (COF), 20% chemical fertilizer (CBIO), conventional fertilizer (CCF, 100% NPK) (CK) on the chrysanthemum yield, soil microbial flora and enzyme activity in the facilities. The results showed that compared with CK, CCF, COF and CBIO treatment significantly increased the yield, yield, soil nutrient content and enzyme activity, and changed the soil microbial flora in the three plantations after continuous seeding. Compared with CCF treatment, COF and CBIO treatment significantly increased the number of soil bacteria, actinomycetes and bacteria / fungi, and reduced the number of fungi, and CBIO treatment also significantly increased soil available nutrient content and soil enzyme activity and was stable Improve soil enzyme activity, while significantly increasing the yield and output of chrysanthemum plant, the continuous effect is obvious. The chrysanthemum output, soil available nitrogen, available potassium and urease activities of CBIO-treated facilities were significantly higher than those of COF treatment. In addition to sucrosease and neutral phosphatase activity only affected by fertilization, soil urease, dehydrogenase, catalase activity and soil microbial number were affected by the interaction of planting time and fertilization treatment, but mainly affected by fertilization treatment . Reducing fertilizer application of bio-organic fertilizer for improving crop yield, regulating soil microbial flora and enhancing soil fertility significant role in favor of the development of soil microbial ecology.