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目的探讨遵义市手足口病流行病学特征,为制定预防控制措施提供依据。方法从国家疾病监测信息管理系统中将遵义市2011年手足口病网络直报信息导出,用Excel软件进行统计,运用描述流行病学方法对资料进行分析。结果共报告手足口病病例4 326例,其中重症病例96例,死亡7例。发病率为70.61/10万。发病年龄主要为5岁以下,占病例总数的93.69%;男性高于女性,男女比为1.89∶1。全年有2个发病高峰,分别为5—7月(1 271例)和10—12月(2 636例),分别占全年发病数的29.38%、60.93%。散居儿童和幼托儿童分别占68.31%、26.38%。检测咽拭子标本970份,检出阳性563份,阳性率为58.04%;其中EV71型核酸阳性率为23.81%,Cox A16型核酸阳性率为18.57%,其他肠道病毒核酸阳性率为15.67%。结论 2011年遵义市手足口病疫情呈下降趋势,重症和死亡病例呈上升趋势,该市是以病原EV71型和Cxo A16型为主兼其他肠道病毒混合流行区。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zunyi city and provide the basis for making prevention and control measures. Methods From the national disease monitoring information management system, Zunyi City, 2011 hand-foot-mouth disease network direct reporting information derived using Excel software for statistics, the use of descriptive epidemiological methods to analyze the data. Results A total of 4 326 hand-foot-mouth disease cases were reported, of which 96 were severe cases and 7 died. The incidence was 70.61 / 100,000. The age of onset was less than 5 years old, accounting for 93.69% of the total number of cases. Men were higher than women with a ratio of 1.89:1. There were 2 peak incidences in May-July (1 271 cases) and 10 months (2 636 cases), accounting for 29.38% and 60.93% of the annual incidence respectively. Diaspora and kindergarten children accounted for 68.31% and 26.38% respectively. The positive rate of EV71 was 23.81%, the positive rate of Cox A16 was 18.57%, and the positive rate of other enterovirus nucleic acids was 15.67% . Conclusion The epidemic situation of hand, foot and mouth disease in Zunyi City showed a decreasing trend in 2011, and the number of severe cases and death cases was on an upward trend. The city is mainly characterized by the pathogenic EV71 and Cxo A16 types and other enterovirus mixed epidemic areas.