Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis(exRML), a pathophysiological condition of skeletal muscle cell damage that may cause acute renal failure and in some cases death. Increased Ca~(2+) level in cells along with functional degradation of cell signaling system and cell matrix have been suggested as the major pathological mechanisms associated with exRML. The onset of exRML may be exhibited in athletes as well as in general population. Previous studies have reported that possible causes of exRML were associated with excessive eccentric contractions in high temperature, abnormal electrolytes balance, and nutritional deficiencies possible genetic defects. However, the underlying mechanisms of exRML have not been clearly established among health professionals or sports medicine personnel. Therefore, we reviewed the possible mechanisms and correlated prevention of exRML, while providing useful and practical information for the athlete and general exercising population. Exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis (exRML), a pathophysiological condition of skeletal muscle cell damage that may cause acute renal failure and in some cases death. Increased Ca ~ (2+) level in cells along with functional degradation of cell signaling system and cell matrix have had suggested as the major pathological mechanisms associated with exRML. The onset of exRML may be showed in athletes as well as in general population. Previous studies have reported that possible causes of exRML were associated with elevated eccentric contractions in high temperature, abnormal electrolytes balance, However, the underlying mechanisms of exRML have not been established established among health professionals or sports medicine personnel. Thus, we reviewed the possible mechanisms and disciplinary of exRML, while providing useful and practical information for the athlete and general exercising population.