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采用完全热力耦合模型研究了搅拌针直径、轴肩直径以及搅拌针锥角对2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接过程中热生成、材料变形和能量历史的影响。结果表明:相比搅拌针接触面,轴肩接触面对搅拌摩擦焊接的热生成起主要作用。增加轴肩直径和减小搅拌针直径均能增加焊接温度,但是轴肩尺寸变化的影响更为明显。与6061-T6铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊接过程相比,2024-T3铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接的能量输入明显增加,同时塑性耗散与摩擦耗散的能量比减小。
The effects of pin diameter, shoulder diameter and pin cone angle on the heat generation, material deformation and energy history of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy during friction stir welding were investigated using a complete thermomechanical coupling model. The results show that the shoulder contact surface plays a major role in the heat generation of friction stir welding compared with the needle contact surface. Increasing the diameter of the shoulder and reducing the diameter of the pin can increase the soldering temperature, but the impact of shoulder size changes is more pronounced. Compared with the friction stir welding of 6061-T6 aluminum alloy, the energy input of friction stir welding of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy increases obviously, and the energy ratio of plastic dissipation to frictional dissipation decreases.