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目的了解昆山市在校高中学生对乙型肝炎相关防治的认知和行为,为针对性地制定有效防治乙肝的策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,选择2所学校共4个班级的高中学生进行问卷调查。结果236名高中学生接受了调查,学生对乙肝防治知识知晓率较低,其中HBV是否能通过消化道传播的答对率最低,仅71人答对,答对率为30.1%,对乙肝疫苗能有效预防乙肝答对率最高,141人答对,答对率为59.7%。女生的知晓率高于男生(P<0.05),高三年级的学生知晓率高于高一(P<0.05)。城市学校的学生在乙肝是否能通过血液、母婴传播及乙肝疫苗能有效预防乙肝这几个问题上知晓率明显高于乡镇学生(P<0.05)。乙肝疫苗接种率为75.9%,全程接种率为79.3%。高中学生中乙肝危险行为相对较少。女生在不与他人共用剃刀及接种乙肝疫苗方面好于男生(P<0.05),城市的学生在不与人共用牙刷、剃刀、浴巾方面好于乡镇学生(P<0.05)。高中学生获得乙肝防治知识的主要途径是宣传栏(44,18.6%)、电视(42,17.8%)、网络(37,15.6%)及书籍(30,12.6%)。结论目前高中学生仍未能正确、全面地掌握乙肝的防治知识,因此应采用学生更易接受的方式开展有效的健康教育,从而提高学生的自我防病意识和能力。
Objective To understand the cognition and behavior of high school students in Kunming on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B and provide a scientific basis for the targeted prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 4 high school students in 2 schools for questionnaire survey. Results A total of 236 high school students were surveyed. The awareness rate of hepatitis B prevention and control among the students was low. Among them, the answer rate of HBV transmission through the digestive tract was the lowest, only 71 answered correctly and the correct rate was 30.1%. Hepatitis B vaccine could effectively prevent hepatitis B The highest rate of correct answers, 141 were correct, the correct answer rate was 59.7%. The awareness rate of girls was higher than that of boys (P <0.05), and the awareness rate of students in the third grade was higher than that of boys (P <0.05). Urban school students in the hepatitis B whether through blood, mother-to-child transmission and hepatitis B vaccine can effectively prevent hepatitis B awareness of these issues was significantly higher than the township students (P <0.05). Hepatitis B vaccination rate was 75.9%, the entire vaccination rate was 79.3%. High school students in hepatitis B dangerous behavior is relatively small. Girls were better than boys (P <0.05) in sharing the razor and hepatitis B vaccination with others, and urban students were better than township students in sharing toothbrushes, razors and towels (P <0.05). High school students’ access to hepatitis B prevention and control knowledge is mainly through publicity columns (44,18.6%), television (42,17.8%), internet (37,15.6%) and books (30,12.6%). Conclusion At present, high school students still can not grasp the knowledge of prevention and treatment of hepatitis B correctly and comprehensively. Therefore, effective health education should be carried out in a way that is more acceptable to students so as to enhance students’ self-awareness and ability to prevent diseases.