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本文依据最近有关联用技术应用于生物样品中痕量金属和类金属形态分析的报道 ,扼要介绍高效液相色谱 (HPLC)和毛细管电泳 (CE)与电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP MS)和电喷雾离子化质谱 (ESI MS)联用技术在砷、硒和镉等元素的形态分析中的应用。体积排阻色谱 (SEC)与ICP MS在线联用是最常用的初步筛选未知试样中大分子化合物的方法。但由于SEC的分辨率差 ,需要应用另一种色谱法 ,如离子交换色谱法(IEC)或反相色谱法 (RP HPLC)分离以保证分离信号的纯度。在无标准可利用的情况下 ,电喷雾串联质谱(ES MS MS)是用以表征化合物的最佳手段。毛细管区带电泳 (CZE)与ICP MS联用是形态分析的有用工具。分析中需要注意的问题是避免沾污和防止在分离过程中蛋白质的分解。目前 ,由于缺少标准和参考物质 ,联用技术主要应用于寻找新的金属物种 ,而并非测定已知化合物。需要解决的难题是检测器的信号是否属于某一特定的化合物以及该化合物的表征。
Based on the recent reports on the use of associated technologies in the analysis of morphological characteristics of trace metals and metalloids in biological samples, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), capillary electrophoresis (CE) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) Application of Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (ESI MS) in Speciation Analysis of Arsenic, Selenium and Cadmium. The combination of size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and ICP MS on-line is the most commonly used method for the initial screening of macromolecular compounds in unknown samples. However, due to the poor resolution of the SEC, another chromatographic method, such as ion exchange chromatography (IEC) or reverse phase chromatography (RP HPLC), is required to ensure the purity of the separated signal. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ES MS MS) is the best method to characterize compounds without standard availability. Capillary Zone Electrophoresis (CZE) in conjunction with ICP MS is a useful tool for morphological analysis. Issues to be aware of in the analysis are to avoid contamination and to prevent the breakdown of the protein during the separation. At present, due to the lack of standards and reference materials, the combined technology is mainly used to find new metal species, rather than the determination of known compounds. The challenge to be solved is whether the detector signal belongs to a particular compound or not and the characterization of the compound.