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美国拥有世界上最复杂和庞大的油气管道输送系统,监管工作挑战巨大,为满足不同部门和机构监管需求,逐步建立起以联邦各职能部门、各州政府、各种技术协会、管道运营商和公众互为依存的管道监管体系。在体系运转中,充分依托信息化的技术和手段,根据不同的监管权力划分,建设了国家管道地图系统等信息平台,为保障管道安全,制定完整性计划等具体监管要求提供了有效的工具。基于此,分析了美国实施管道监管过程中的具体需求,研究了信息化在监管体系中发挥的作用,介绍了美国在管道监管的信息化中开展的相关工作,指出我国可以从美国油气管道监管体系中得到启示,通过开展信息化工作,加强管道的安全和经济监管。
The United States possesses the world’s most complex and huge oil and gas pipelines transportation system. The regulatory work has enormous challenges. To meet the regulatory requirements of different departments and agencies, the United States has gradually established a system of oil and gas pipelines with various functional departments, state governments, various technical associations, pipelines and the general public Interdependent pipeline regulation system. In the operation of the system, relying on the information technology and means, and based on the different regulatory powers, an information platform of national pipeline mapping system has been set up, which provides an effective tool for ensuring specific requirements on pipeline safety and formulating integrity plans. Based on this, the author analyzed the specific needs of the United States in the process of supervision of the pipeline, studied the role played by the informationization in the supervision system, introduced the related work carried out by the United States in the informationization of the supervision of the pipeline, and pointed out that China can learn from the supervision of the U.S. oil and gas pipeline Enlightenment has been obtained from the system and the safety and economic supervision of the pipeline has been strengthened through informatization.