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小儿脑原发性肿瘤是儿童期常见的肿瘤之一。肿瘤可起源于神经上皮组织、脑神经、脑膜组织、生殖细胞及淋巴和血管组织等 ,其中星形细胞瘤、髓母细胞瘤、室管膜瘤、颅咽管瘤和多形性胶质母细胞瘤约占儿童期脑原发性肿瘤的80 %以上。不同组织类型的肿瘤其自身的分化程度、生长方式和预后的不同。弥漫性星形细胞瘤在生长过程中可间变成高度恶性肿瘤 ,而局限性毛细胞型星形细胞瘤和多形性黄色星形细胞瘤发生间变者罕见。肿瘤可位于幕上大脑半球的任何部位和幕下的小脑及脑干。幕上和幕下脑肿瘤的发病率基本相等。幕上肿瘤的常见发病年龄为从出生到3岁 ,而幕下肿瘤的常见发病年龄为4～11岁。CT和MRI可准确地确定脑肿瘤的部位、范围、大小 ,肿瘤有无出血、囊变、坏死、钙化及肿瘤与周围结构的解剖关系 ,通过增强检查还可了解肿瘤的血供和血脑屏障破坏情况、肿瘤呈浸润性还是呈局限性生长以及有无沿脑脊液通路发生转移 ,这对判断肿瘤的起源、性质、分期、分级和指导临床选择合适的治疗方案有重要意义
Primary brain tumors in children is one of the common childhood tumors. Tumors can originate in neuroepithelial tissue, cranial nerves, meninges, germ cells and lymphatic and vascular tissues, including astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, ependymoma, craniopharyngioma and pleomorphic gonadal Cell tumors account for about 80% of childhood primary brain tumors. Different types of tumors of their own differentiation, growth and prognosis of different. Diffuse astrocytoma in the growth process can be transformed into a high degree of malignancy, and localized capillary astrocytoma and pleomorphic astrocytoma of the anaplastic occurred rare. Tumors can be located in the supratentorial hemisphere of any part of the screen and the cerebellum and brainstem. The incidence of tumors in the supratentorial and supratentorial tumors is roughly equal. The common age of supratentorial tumor is from birth to 3 years, while the common age of infratentorial tumor is 4 to 11 years old. CT and MRI can accurately determine the location of the brain tumor, size, size, tumor with or without hemorrhage, cystic degeneration, necrosis, calcification and the anatomy of the tumor and the surrounding structures can also understand the tumor by increasing the blood supply and blood-brain barrier Destruction, invasiveness of the tumor or limited growth and the presence or absence of metastasis along the cerebrospinal fluid pathways are important in determining the origin, nature, staging, grading, and guiding the clinical choice of appropriate regimens