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目的了解常见慢性病患者的生活质量状况和影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取宁波市≥15岁常住人口6 030人进行《家庭成员个人情况调查表》调查,使用半参数可加模型和半参数广义可加模型分别进行生活质量影响因素分析。结果不同慢性病对患者欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)指数得分均产生消极效应,按影响大小依次为脑卒中、肿瘤、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、糖尿病和高血压。脑卒中、肿瘤和糖尿病会增加患者行动、自我照顾、平常活动、疼痛/不舒服和焦虑/抑郁等5个维度“有问题”自我报告率,COPD只增加患者平常活动维度“有问题”自我报告率,而高血压不影响患者焦虑/抑郁维度“有问题”自我报告率。BMI与EQ-5D指数得分关系呈倒“U”字形,当BMI为20.90 kg/m2时EQ-5D指数得分达最高值。结论不同慢性病对患者生活质量影响不同,保持合理的BMI有助于提高生活质量。
Objective To understand the quality of life and influencing factors in patients with common chronic diseases. Methods The stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted, and 6 030 permanent residents ≥15 years old in Ningbo were recruited to carry out a survey of “family members’ personal circumstances”. Semi-parametric addable models and semi-parametric generalized add-on models were used for living Analysis of Quality Factors. Results Different chronic diseases had negative effects on the scores of European Five-Dimensional Health Questionnaire (EQ-5D) index, with stroke, tumor, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus and hypertension in descending order of magnitude. Stroke, cancer and diabetes increase 5 dimensions of patient activity, self-care, usual activities, pain / discomfort and anxiety / depression. “Questionable” self-reported rate, COPD increases only patient’s usual activity dimensions. “Self-reported rate, while high blood pressure does not affect the patient’s anxiety / depression dimensions ” problematic “self-reported rate. The relationship between BMI and EQ-5D index was inverted ”U", and the EQ-5D index reached the highest value when the BMI was 20.90 kg / m2. Conclusion Different chronic diseases have different impact on the quality of life of patients, maintaining a reasonable BMI helps to improve the quality of life.