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美国一直秉承欢迎移民的“庇护所”身份修辞传统,但19世纪末移民浪潮的冲击使其开始加强对国家同质性的塑造。通过梳理美国在19、20世纪之交的思想话语和政策实践,可看出美国创造“好人”标准作为庇护条件,经由“社会控制”和“教育”两种机制将限制移民转变成道德净化工程,在种族政治语境下重新定义了自己国家的庇护所的身份。美国小说创作作为社会语境的有机组成部分,再现并参与了国家的这一身份建构。
The United States has always adhered to the “shelter” status rhetorical tradition that welcomes immigrants. However, the impact of the wave of immigration in the late 19th century led it to start strengthening the shaping of national homogeneity. By combing the thinking discourse and policy practices of the United States at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, it can be seen that the United States has created the “good man” standard as a condition of asylum and restricted the two systems through “social control” and “education” Immigrants have been transformed into ethical decontamination projects, redefining the identities of their country’s shelters in a racial and political context. American novel creation, as an integral part of the social context, reproduces and participates in this identity construction of the country.