电动车用永磁同步电机的转矩阶次特征分析

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针对电动汽车车身阶次振动和车内噪声的主要振源—永磁同步电机的转矩波动,首先通过转矩测量试验测得了电机24阶以内的动态、高阶转矩信号,分析与揭示了永磁同步电机转矩信号的阶次特性现象;为解释该试验现象,从理论上建立了一种考虑非正弦永磁磁场分布、开槽、时间谐波电流的永磁同步电机转矩波动数学模型,获得了谐波转矩的解析解,预测了转矩波动的阶次与频率,进而提出了试验测量动态、高阶转矩信号的转速判据.试验研究和理论研究表明:永磁同步电机的转矩具有明显的阶次波动特征,主要阶次有h-1、2(h-1)、6i+h-1、6i-h+l阶(h∈N,且由变频器决定;i∈N);h次时间谐波电流将单独引起h-1、2(h-1)阶的转矩波动,h次时间谐波电流、非正弦永磁磁场分布、开槽将共同引起6i+h-1、6i-h+1阶的转矩波动.
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