Objective:To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A(PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Methods:A total of 45 pregnant rats received the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the pregnant rat model of GDM.A total of 21 pregnant rats with GDM were randomly divided into three groups,with 7ruts in each group,namely the insulin group,metformin group and control group.Rats in the insulin group received the abdominal subcutaneous injection of 1 mL/kg recombinant insulin glargine at 18:00 every day.Rats in the metformin group received the intragastric infusion of metformin hydrochloride at 18:00 every day,with the first dose of 300 mg/kg.The doses of two groups were adjusted every 3 d to maintain the blood glucose level at 2.65-7.62 mmol/L.Rats in the control group received the intragastric infusion of 1 mL normal saline at 18:00 every day.After the natural delivery of pregnant rats.10 offspring rats were randomly selected from each group.At birth,4 wk and 8 wk after the birth of offspring rats,the weight of offspring rats was measured.The blood glucose level of offspring rats was measured at 4wk and 8 wk,while the level of serum insulin,triglyceride and leptin was measured at 8 wk.Results:The weight of offspring rats at birth in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference at 4 wk and 8 wk among three groups(P>0.05).The fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose in the insulin group and metformin group at 4 wk and 8 wk were all significantly lower than ones in the control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).The expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly higher and the methylation level of PPARGC1 A was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Insulin and leptin at 8 wk in the insulin group and metformin group were significantly higher,while triglyceride was significantly lower than the one in the control group(P<0.05);triglyceride level of rats in the insulin group was significantly higher than the one in the metformin group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin level of offspring rats between the insulin group and metformin group(P>0.05).Conclusions:GDM can induce the methylation of PPARGC1 A of offspring rats to reduce the expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA and then cause the disorder of glycolipid metabolism when the offspring rats grow up;the insulin or metformin in the treatment of pregnant rats with GDM can reduce the methylation level of PPARGC1 A and thus improve the abnormal glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats. Objective: To discuss the effect of insulin and metformin on amethylation and glycolipid metabolism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1A (PPARGC1A) of rat offspring with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 45 pregnant rats received the intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin to establish the pregnant rat model of GDM. A total of 21 pregnant rats with GDM were differentiated into three groups, with 7ruts in each group, namely the insulin group, metformin group and control group. the abdominal subcutaneous injection of 1 mL / kg recombinant insulin glargine at 18:00 every day. Rats in the metformin group received the intragastric infusion of metformin hydrochloride at 18:00 every day, with the first dose of 300 mg / kg. doses of two groups were adjusted every 3 d to maintain the blood glucose level at 2.65-7.62 mmol / L. Rats in the control group received the intragastric infusion of 1 mL normal saline at 18:00 ever The natural delivery of pregnant rats.10 offspring rats were randomly selected from each group. At birth, 4 wk and 8 wk after the birth of offspring rats, the weight of offspring rats was measured. blood glucose level of offspring rats were measured at 4wk and 8 wk while the level of serum insulin, triglyceride and leptin was measured at 8 wk. Results: The weight of offspring rats at birth in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly lower than the one in the control group (P <0.05), and there was no significant difference at 4 wk and 8 wk among three groups (P> 0.05). The fasting blood glucose and random blood glucose in the insulin group and metformin group at 4 wk and 8 wk were all significantly lower than ones in the control group (P <0.05); there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group (P> 0.05). The expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA in the insulin group and metformin group was significantly higher and the methylation level of PPARGC1 A wassignificantly lower than the one in the control group (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference between the insulin group and metformin group (P> 0.05) .Insulin and leptin at 8 wk in the insulin group and metformin group were significantly higher , while triglyceride was significantly lower than the one in the control group (P <0.05); triglyceride level of rats in the insulin group was significantly higher than the one in the metformin group (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin and leptin level of offspring rats between the insulin group and metformin group (P> 0.05) .Conclusions: GDM can induce the methylation of PPARGC1 A of offspring rats to reduce the expression of PPARGC1 A mRNA and then cause the disorder of glycolipid metabolism when the offspring rats grow up; the insulin or metformin in the treatment of pregnant rats with GDM can reduce the methylation level of PPARGC1 A and thus improve the abnormal glycolipid metabolism of offspring rats.