目的了解上海市中小学开学教育现状,为探索以学生为主体、尊重学生身心发展规律的开学教育模式提供依据。方法 2011年11月至2012年3月采用目的抽样方法,选取上海市4个区的16所中小学校学生、学生家长和教师进行开学现状的小组访谈。结果上海市中小学校开学第一天的开学教育主要形式是开学典礼;开学典礼持续时间一般为20～30 min,目的是为了帮助学生收心,调整状态以适应校园生活;开学典礼的主要流程是校长致辞;访谈对象给予自己所在学校的开学典礼以正负2类评价:形式多样、有助于启发和激励学生;死板、无吸引力、演讲话题过大。访谈对象都表示期待开学教育能有一些改变。结论开学教育在整个教育中的作用值得相关部门重视。需针对中小学生身心发展特点,提供学生所需要的教育形式和内容,真正做到以人为本,促进青少年健康快乐成长。 Objective To understand the status quo of primary and middle school education in Shanghai and to provide basis for exploring the mode of opening education which regards students as the main body and respect the law of physical and mental development of students. Methods From November 2011 to March 2012, 16 primary and secondary school students, parents and teachers in four districts in Shanghai were selected to conduct group interviews in the current status quo. Results The primary form of opening education on the first day of school starts in Shanghai. The duration of the opening ceremony is generally 20-30 minutes. The purpose of the opening ceremony is to help students to recuperate and adjust their status to adapt to campus life. The main process of opening ceremony is The president gave a speech; the interviewee gave two positive and negative comments about the school opening ceremony in his / her own school: various forms helped to inspire and motivate students; rigid, unattractive, and over-exposed topics. Interviewees all expressed the expectation that there would be some changes in the education for starters. Conclusions The role of school education in the whole education deserves the attention of relevant departments. It is necessary to provide primary and secondary school students with the characteristics of physical and mental development to provide the forms and contents of education required by the students so as to truly be people-oriented and to promote the healthy and happy growth of young people.