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目的掌握甲型H1N1流感的流行规律和探讨大祥区某单位甲型H1N1流感的流行因素及特征。方法按照全国统一的《甲型H1N1流感流行病学个案调查表》[1]对病例进行个案调查,对资料采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果该单位2009年10月25日-11月1日共发生甲型H1N1流感93例,总罹患率为4.94%,该单位范围划分共10个区,其中4个区发生病例,以二区发病最多,占病例总数的94.62%;发病高峰为26、27日2 d,分别占病例总数的34.41%和44.09%;发病年龄最小19岁,最大61岁,以20和30岁年龄组发病最多,分别占病例总数的50.54%和30.11%;病例的主要症状为发热、头痛、咳嗽、乏力等,分别占98.93%、55.91%、74.19%和75.27%;采集病例咽拭子标本3份,经邵阳市疾病预防控制中心实验室检测,3份标本为甲型H1N1流感病毒核酸阳性;发病原因:一是与通风有关,通风差的二区罹患率为39.29%,而其它9个区通风较好则病例较少,罹患率为0.3%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);二是与近距离接触有关,居住房间床与床相对相隔约1 m者,罹患率为62.96%,而相隔约3 m者,罹患率为17.24%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论工作场所及住房经常开窗通风和避免近距离接触是预防甲型H1N1流感的重要措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence of influenza A (H1N1) and explore the prevalence and characteristics of Influenza A (H1N1) in a unit of Daxiang District. Methods According to a nationwide case-control survey of epidemics of Influenza A (H1N1) [1], case-based surveys were conducted to analyze the data using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results The unit from October 25, 2009 to November 1, a total of 93 cases of type A H1N1 influenza occurred, the total attack rate of 4.94%, the unit is divided into a total of 10 areas, of which 4 cases occurred in two districts to the onset Accounting for 94.62% of the total number of cases; peak incidence of 26 27 days 2d, respectively, accounting for 34.41% and 44.09% of the total cases; the youngest minimum age of 19 years, maximum 61 years old, 20 and 30 years of age groups most frequently, Accounting for 50.54% and 30.11% of the total cases, respectively; the main symptoms of the cases were fever, headache, cough and fatigue, accounting for 98.93%, 55.91%, 74.19% and 75.27% respectively; City Center for Disease Control and Prevention laboratory tests, 3 specimens for the influenza A (H1N1) virus nucleic acid positive; Cause of the disease: First, and ventilation, poor ventilation in the second district attack rate was 39.29%, while the other nine areas of ventilation is better The incidence rate was 0.3%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.01). The second was related to close contact. The distance between living room and bed was about 1 m, and the attack rate was 62.96% About 3 m apart, the attack rate was 17.24%, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Conclusions Frequent window ventilation in the workplace and housing and avoid close contact are important measures to prevent Influenza A (H1N1).