由于国际航运市场的不景气,船东破产事件频繁发生,尤其是在发生了重大海损事故之后更是如此。在船东破产后,对船东具有赔偿请求权的第三人通常会选择对船东的责任保险人——保赔协会提起直接诉讼,这往往也是其获赔的惟一途径。在国际公约和国内法规定的强制责任保险的情形下,第三方直接起诉保赔协会于法有据,不存在任何法律障碍。但是,对没有强制责任保险要求的一般海事责任,在第三人对协会提起直接诉讼 Owing to the downturn in the international shipping market, shipowner bankruptcies have occurred frequently, especially after a major maritime accident. A third party who claims the owner of a shipowner a choice after the shipowner goes bankrupt usually lifts a direct lawsuit against the owner’s liability insurer, the P & I Club, which is often the only way to receive compensation. In the case of compulsory liability insurance under international conventions and domestic laws, a third party directly sues the P & I Club for its legal basis and there are no legal obstacles. However, for a general maritime liability for which there is no requirement for compulsory liability insurance, a direct third person suits the association