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枪弹发射过程所形成的射击残留物(Gunshot residue,GSR)是枪击案件中一种重要的法庭物证,射击残留物分析的结果时枪击案件性质的判断、案件现场的重建、案件的侦查和法庭审判都具有重要的价值作用。目前扫描电镜能谱(SEM/EDS)法被认为是最具特异性的方法,利用SEM/EDS自动搜寻GSR颗粒软件的出现,则大大降低了劳动强度,提高了分析的准确性。因而受到了世界各国法庭实验室的青昧。然而,在我国由于一些技术上的原因,GSR颗粒自动分析软件在实际案件中应用得并不普遍,使得自动分析软件的优越性未能充分体现出来。目前商业化的GSR颗粒自动分析软件工作原理基本一致,均通过扫描电镜背散射图象的反差搜寻嫌疑射击残留物颗粒,并通过二次电子图象和能谱分析进行确认。本文从工作原理、样品制备、工作参数设定等方面详细介绍了其中一种GSR颗粒自动分析软件的应用,并根据作者多年的使用经验,对GSR颗粒自动分析的一些技巧进行了总结,供从事枪击案件物证检验的同行借鉴。
Gunshot residue (GSR) formed during the launching of a bullet is an important forensic evidence in a shoot-out case. Judgment of the nature of the shootings, the reconstruction of the scene, the investigation of the case and the court trial as a result of the analysis of the shoot remnants All have important value effect. At present, SEM / EDS is considered as the most specific method. The use of SEM / EDS to automatically search GSR particle software greatly reduces the labor intensity and improves the accuracy of the analysis. Therefore, it has been subjected to the ignorance of forensic laboratories all over the world. However, in our country due to some technical reasons, GSR particle automatic analysis software is not commonly used in practical cases, making the superiority of automatic analysis software can not be fully reflected. At present, the working principle of GSR automatic particle analysis software is basically the same. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) backscatter images are used to search for the particles of suspected shooting residues and confirmed by secondary electron image and energy spectrum analysis. In this paper, one of the applications of automatic GSR particle analysis software is introduced in detail from the aspects of working principle, sample preparation and working parameter setting. According to the author’s years of experience, some techniques of automatic GSR particle analysis are summarized for engaging Shooting the case material evidence test counterparts learn from.