论文部分内容阅读
目的了解山西省农村居民饮用水卫生状况,为提高山西省农村饮用水卫生管理水平,为制定改水决策提供科学依据。方法于2005年3—5月,随机抽取了山西省山阴县、应县、安泽县、襄汾县、小店区、沁源县、忻府区、交城县、文水县、石楼县、垣曲县,在每个县选择10个采样点,对农村生活饮用水水源类型、取水方式、水质处理情况及其相应的饮用人口数等进行现场调查。按照GB5750—1985《生活饮用水标准检验法》对水样进行采集、保存和检测,检测项目包括感官性状和一般化学指标(色度、浑浊度、pH值、总硬度、铁、锰、氯化物、硫酸盐、耗氧量)、毒理学指标(砷、氟化物、硝酸盐氮)、细菌学指标(总大肠菌群、细菌总数),根据《农村实施<生活饮用水卫生标准>准则》和《生活饮用水卫生规范》(2001)进行分级和评价。结果从饮用水源类型看,山西省的广大农村居民主要以饮用地下水为主;从供水方式看,主要以分散式供水为主。共检测水样110件,合格69件,合格率为62.73%。pH值、总硬度、砷、氟化物、硝酸盐氮、硫酸盐、氯化物、耗氧量、总大肠菌群、细菌总数超标率分别为7.27%,2.73%,7.27%,12.72%,0.91%,1.82%,3.64%,2.73%,20.00%,11.82%。色度、浑浊度、铁、锰均合格。分散式供水水样合格率[57.65%(49/85)]低于集中式供水[80.00%(20/25)],经χ2检验,差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.13,P<0.05)。结论山西省农村人口中以饮用分散式供水为主,分散式供水卫生状况不如集中式供水。山西省农村地区农民的饮水卫生问题比较突出,今后仍需加大农村的改水力度。
Objective To understand the sanitary status of rural residents drinking water in Shanxi Province and to provide a scientific basis for making drinking water decisions in order to improve the sanitary management level of rural drinking water in Shanxi Province. Methods From March to May 2005, Shanxi Province, Shanyin County, Yingxian County, Anze County, Xiangfen County, Xiaodian District, Qinyuan County, Xinfu District, Jiaocheng County, Wenshui County, Lou County, Yuanqu County, select 10 sampling points in each county, on the type of rural drinking water sources, water intake, water quality and its corresponding drinking population and other field surveys. Water samples were collected, stored and tested according to GB5750-1985 “Standard Test Method for Domestic Drinking Water”. The testing items include sensory traits and general chemical indicators (color, turbidity, pH, total hardness, iron, manganese, chloride , Sulfate, oxygen consumption), toxicological indicators (arsenic, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen), bacteriological indicators (total coliforms, total bacteria), according to “rural drinking water standards” and “Drinking Water Hygiene Code” (2001) for grading and evaluation. Results From the type of drinking water sources, the majority of rural residents in Shanxi Province are mainly drinking groundwater; from the perspective of water supply, mainly distributed water supply. A total of 110 water samples were tested, qualified 69, the pass rate was 62.73%. The over-standard rates of pH value, total hardness, arsenic, fluoride, nitrate nitrogen, sulfate, chloride, oxygen consumption, total coliforms and total bacteria were 7.27%, 2.73%, 7.27%, 12.72% and 0.91% , 1.82%, 3.64%, 2.73%, 20.00%, 11.82%. Chroma, turbidity, iron, manganese are qualified. The passing rate of decentralized water supply samples [57.65% (49/85)] was lower than that of centralized water supply [80.00% (20/25)], and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 4.13, P <0.05) by χ2 test. Conclusion The rural population in Shanxi Province mainly uses decentralized drinking water supply, and decentralized water supply is not as hygienic as centralized water supply. Shanxi Province, rural areas, drinking water hygiene problems more prominent in the future still need to increase rural water intensity.