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初至拾取是起伏地表地震资料处理的关键环节,直接影响近地表建模的精度及静校正效果,但起伏地表资料极低的信噪比使传统的自动初至拾取算法几乎失效,而手动拾取要耗费巨大的人工和时间成本。本文研究了改进超虚干涉法,结合多道多域初至质量监控技术,实现起伏地表资料初至波自动拾取。改进超虚干涉法首次将近地表散射波纳入干涉法提高信噪比的范围,并通过折射波和散射波的线性组合使干涉法适用于起伏地表条件下任意复杂射线路径的初至波类型;提出反向干涉和多域干涉的概念,显著增强了所估计的虚源信号;使用波形反褶积滤波器较好地抑制了干涉导致的“假事件”的形成;采用多道多域初至质量监控技术,实现错误“假事件”初至的自动归位,提高了拾取初至的稳定性。本文研究的初至波自动拾取理论与技术具有突出的鲁棒性和稳定批量处理大量实际三维地震数据的能力,在中国西部山区三维地震勘探数据处理的应用效果显著,质量优于某常用商业软件。
First arrival pick-up is the key step of undulating surface seismic data processing, which has a direct impact on accuracy and static correction effect of near-surface modeling. However, the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio of undulating surface data makes the traditional automatic first arrival pick-up algorithm almost invalid, To spend huge labor and time costs. This paper studies the improvement of super-virtual interference method, combined with multi-channel multi-domain first arrival quality monitoring technology, to achieve the first-arrival wave surface data automatically picked up. The improved super-imaginary interferometry firstly introduces the near-surface scattering wave into the interference method to improve the range of signal-noise ratio, and makes the interferometric method suitable for the first-arrival wave type of any complex ray path under undulating surface conditions by linear combination of refracted wave and scattered wave. The concept of reverse interference and multidomain interference significantly enhances the estimated false source signal. The use of waveform deconvolution filter can restrain the formation of “false event” caused by interference better. To the quality control technology, to achieve the error “false event ” automatic return to the first arrival, improve the stability of the first pick. The first-arrival wave automatic pick-up theory and technique studied in this paper have outstanding robustness and stable batch processing ability of large amounts of real 3D seismic data. The application of 3D seismic data processing in western mountainous area in China is significant and the quality is better than that of some commonly used commercial softwares .