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胡塞尔在《观念I》中曾表述过系统地构想一门作为严格科学的哲学的计划,他重点考察了自然与精神科学的关系。胡塞尔发现,这两类科学都源于自然态度:精神科学基于它的原初层面,自然科学则是自然态度的某种极端化的结果。现象学只有阐明自然态度的内部区分,表明精神领域对自然科学的奠基性,才能为两种科学各自的基础寻求统一的解释,消除科学之争。科学的哲学基础问题,既是现象学与时代精神的交汇点,也是胡塞尔处理认识论与存在论关系的场所。
Husserl, in Concept I, expressed his intention to systematically conceptualize a philosophy as a rigorous science, focusing on the relationship between nature and spiritual science. Husserl found that both types of science stem from the natural attitude that psychoscience is based on its primordial level and that natural science is some sort of extreme result of natural attitudes. Only by clarifying the internal distinction of natural attitudes and by demonstrating the foundation of the spiritual field for natural science, can phenomenology find a unified explanation for the two scientific bases and eliminate the scientific controversy. The basic philosophical problem of science is not only the intersection of phenomenology and the spirit of the times, but also the place where Husserl deals with the relationship between epistemology and existentialism.