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天麻Gastrodia elata Blume又称赤箭、定风草独摇芝,是兰科Orchidaceae多年生寄生植物,主产于云南、四川、陕西及贵州等地,药用其干燥块根,是我国贵重中药。早在两千年前《神农本草经》就记载了天麻的功效,以后《名医别录》、《植物名实图考》均有记载,李时珍《本草纲目》记载天麻“久服益气,轻身长年”。治疗“语多恍惚,善惊失忘”,“四肢拘挛、瘫痪不随,风虚眩晕头痛。”但关于天麻的现代研究是在从中分得有效成分天麻素以后,主要包括化学、药理和临床。
Gastrodia elata Blume, also known as Chijian, is a perennial parasitic plant of Orchidaceae. It is mainly produced in Yunnan, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Guizhou. It is used for its dry roots and is a valuable Chinese medicine. As early as two thousand years ago, Shen Nong’s Materia Medica recorded the effect of gastrodia. Afterwards, there were records of “Doctors Don’t Record” and “Plant Names Real Picture Test”. Li Shizhen’s “Compendium of Materia Medica” records Tianma “long serving, longevity, and light weight”. year“. The treatment of ”spoken words, good surprises and forgetfulness“, ”paralysis of the limbs, disobedience, vomiting, dizziness and headaches." But the modern research on Gastrodia is derived from the effective components of gastrodin, including mainly chemical, pharmacological and clinical.