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采用酶解去壁低渗法对枣品种‘苹果枣’进行了核型分析,其核型公式为:2n=3x=36=21m+15sm(2SAT),核型为2A型,是迄今为止新发现的第2个栆自然三倍体品种。对花粉母细胞减数分裂观察结果表明,‘苹果枣’分裂不规则,终变期出现单价体、二价体和三价体,其中三价体约占57.5%,最少含有7个三价体,最多则含10个三价体,3个染色体组之间具有很高的同源性,后期Ⅰ和后期Ⅱ出现落后染色体和染色体不均等分离现象;末期Ⅱ一些细胞还产生少数三分体及极少数五分体,形成不等孢子,导致配子体高度不育,由此可判断‘苹果枣’为同源三倍体。用分子标记技术对‘苹果枣’和已知的三倍体品种‘赞皇大枣’进行分子鉴定,两者分子指纹有显著差异,为不同的两个自然三倍体品种。
The karyotype analysis of the jujube cultivar ’Apple jujube’ was carried out by enzymatic wall demixing. Its karyotype formula is: 2n = 3x = 36 = 21m + 15sm (2SAT) The second 栆 natural triploid species found. The results of meiosis of pollen mother cells showed that ’apple jujube’ split irregularly, monovalent, divalent and trivalent in the final stage, of which trivalent accounted for about 57.5% and at least seven trivalent , Up to 10 trivalent body, high homology between the three genomes, backward late chromosome I and late chromosome Ⅱ and chromosome heterogeneity segregation phenomenon; the end of Ⅱ some cells also produce a few trisomy And a very small number of pentaplasia, spore formation of unequal, resulting in a high degree of male gametophyte, which can be judged ’apple jujube’ for the autotriploid. Molecular identification of ’apple jujube’ and known triploid varieties ’Zanhuang jujube’ molecular identification, there are significant differences between the two molecular fingerprints, as two different natural triploid varieties.