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美国贸易政策制定权力由《美国宪法》明确界定,所以开启贸易自由化的“1934年体制”本质上是一个宪政体制。该体制的形成是基于后危机时代重构政治平衡与摆脱经济危机的现实需要,而其变迁是围绕国会“授权-控权或监督”的宪政路径展开的,并由贸易保护主义力量与自由贸易主义力量之间的宪政博弈推动的。这种宪政博弈实质上是在特定历史条件下的一种贸易立法博弈,而具体表现为推动贸易自由化的“四位一体”制度架构。对正在积极推进贸易自由化的中国而言,这种源于宪政博弈的贸易制度创新实践可资借鉴之处主要在于两个方面,即后危机时代贸易自由化立法范式的创新和自由贸易与不公平贸易二分法的立法体例的引入。
The power of U.S. trade policy making is clearly defined by the “U.S. Constitution.” Therefore, the “1934 system” that liberalizes trade is essentially a constitutional system. The formation of this system is based on the realistic needs of reconstructing the political balance and getting rid of the economic crisis in the post-crisis era. The changes are based on the constitutional path of the “authorization-control or supervision” of the parliament. The changes are based on the power and freedom of trade protectionism The constitutional gambling between the forces of trade facilitation. This kind of constitutional game is essentially a trade legislation game under certain historical conditions, and is embodied in the “four in one” institutional framework that promotes trade liberalization. For China, which is actively promoting trade liberalization, this innovative practice of the trading system originated from the constitutional gambling game can draw lessons from two major aspects. That is, the innovation and free trade of the legislative paradigm of trade liberalization in the post-crisis era, The Introduction of Legislative System of Fair Trade Dichotomy.