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目的 了解珠三角某市淡水鱼养殖环境卫生及华支睾吸虫感染情况,为制订华支睾吸虫病防控策略提供依据。方法 2016年,根据鱼塘的分布,在珠三角某市选择14个镇区36个鱼塘进行调查。每个鱼塘采样10~20尾。在3个水产批发市场,每个市场选择3~6个摊位,每个摊位采样不同鱼种20~30尾。采用消化法检查鱼体内华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染情况,并进行统计分析。结果 36个鱼塘周边均未见到粪便直接入塘的厕所,其中仅1个鱼塘周边存在粪便入塘动物栏(鸭)。检测鱼塘淡水鱼437尾,感染率为4.35%(19/437)。虫卵感染阳性的鱼分布在25%(9/36)的鱼塘、50%(7/14)的镇区。不同鱼的感染率分别为:鲫鱼13.95%(6/43),鲩鱼4.76%(9/189),鲮鱼4.44%(2/45),鳙鱼1.55%(2/129),非洲鲫鱼0.0%(0/31),差异有统计学意义(χ2=13.46,P<0.05)。批发市场淡水鱼检测307尾,感染率为1.95%(6/307)。其中鲩鱼和鳙鱼的感染率分别为3.20%(4/125)和2.78%(2/72),鲫鱼、鲮鱼和非洲鲫鱼未检出阳性,不同鱼的感染率差异无统计学意义。结论 珠三角某市鱼塘环境卫生较好,但是养殖和市售淡水鱼仍然存在一定程度华支睾吸虫囊蚴感染。
Objective To understand the environmental hygiene of freshwater fish breeding and the infection of Clonorchis sinensis in a city of Pearl River Delta and to provide the basis for the development of control strategy of Clonorchis sinensis. Methods In 2016, according to the distribution of fish ponds, 36 fish ponds in 14 towns and districts were selected for investigation in a certain city in the Pearl River Delta. Each fish pond sampling 10 ~ 20 tail. In 3 aquatic wholesale markets, each market choose 3 to 6 stalls, each stall sampling 20 to 30 different species. The digestive method was used to examine the infection of Clonorchis sinensis metacercaria in the fish, and statistical analysis was made. Results No toilets directly into the pond were seen in the 36 fish ponds, of which there were only excrement into the pond animal bar (duck) around only one fish pond. The detection of 437 fish pond freshwater fish, the infection rate was 4.35% (19/437). Egg-positive fish were found in 25% (9/36) fish ponds and 50% (7/14) townships. The prevalences of different fish were 13.95% (6/43), 4.76% (9/189), 4.44% (2/45) of anchovy, 1.55% of anchovy (2/129), 0.0 % (0/31), the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 13.46, P <0.05). 307 freshwater fish were tested at the wholesale market with an infection rate of 1.95% (6/307). The infection rates of breams and breams were 3.20% (4/125) and 2.78% (2/72) respectively. No positive results were found for carp, bighead carp and African carp. There was no significant difference in infection rates among different fish. Conclusion The environmental hygiene of fish ponds in a certain city of Pearl River Delta is better, but there is still a certain degree of infection with metacercaria of Clonorchis sinensis in cultured and commercially available freshwater fish.