目的:探究老年人在面对困难和挫折时所采取的应对方式,分析影响其应对方式的主要因素,为提高老年人心理健康水平提供对策建议。方法:采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法抽取2013名山东省老年人。应用自行设计的基本情况调查表和简易应对方式量表(SCSQ),对老年人进行面对面调查。结果:1山东省老年人积极应对得分为(1.63±0.65)分,消极应对得分为(1.31±0.62)分,均显著低于全国常模(t=-10.353,-19.959;P=0.000);2不同年龄、离退休前职业、文化程度、婚姻状况、月均收入、慢性病严重程度、慢性病种类的老年人积极应对得分差异有统计学意义(χ~2=17.768,P=0.000;F=9.640,P=0.000;χ~2=17.189,P=0.000;t=6.261,P=0.000;F=14.947,P=0.000;χ~2=12.753,P=0.000;χ~2=8.140,P=0.000);3不同年龄、离退休前职业、文化程度、慢性病严重程度的老年人消极应对得分差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.246,P=0.001;χ~2=3.256,P=0.007;χ~2=7.111,P=0.000;χ~2=3.674,P=0.026);4多重线性回归显示,文化程度、离退休前职业、慢性病严重程度3个变量进入积极应对回归模型,年龄、慢性病严重程度2个变量进入消极应对回归模型。结论:文化程度、离退休前职业、年龄、慢性病严重程度是影响山东省老年人应对方式的主要因素;提高老年人的文化水平,改善老年人的健康状况和生活质量,可以促进老年人在面对困难和挫折时采取积极的应对方式;此外,社会应关注高龄老年人和离退休公务员的应对方式状况,加强健康教育和心理干预,提高老年人心理健康水平。 Objective: To explore the coping style of the elderly in the face of difficulties and setbacks, analyze the main factors affecting their coping style, and provide suggestions for improving the mental health of the elderly. Methods: 2013 elderly people in Shandong province were drawn by multistage stratified random sampling. A self-designed questionnaire for basic situations and a simple coping style (SCSQ) were used to conduct face-to-face investigations on the elderly. Results: (1) The scores of active coping in Shandong Province were (1.63 ± 0.65) points and negative coping scores (1.31 ± 0.62) points, which were significantly lower than that of the national norm (t = -10.353, -19.959; P = 0.000). There were significant differences in the active coping scores of the elderly with different ages, pre-retirement occupations, educational level, marital status, monthly average income, chronic disease severity and chronic diseases (χ ~ 2 = 17.768, P = 0.000; F = 9.640 , P = 0.000; χ ~ 2 = 17.189, P = 0.000; t = 6.261, P = 0.000; F = 14.947, P = 0.000; χ ~ 2 = 12.753, P = 0.000; ); 3 The difference of negative coping scores of seniors with different ages, pre-retirement occupations, educational level and severity of chronic diseases was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 7.246, P = 0.001; χ ~ 2 = 3.256, P = 0.007; 3, P = 0.000; χ ~ 2 = 3.674, P = 0.026); 4 Multiple linear regression showed that the educational level, pre-retirement occupational and chronic disease severity were positively correlated with regression Degree 2 variables entered the negative response regression model. Conclusion: The level of education, pre-retirement occupation, age and the severity of chronic diseases are the main factors that affect the coping style of the elderly in Shandong Province. Improving the cultural level of the elderly and improving the health and quality of life of the elderly can promote the elderly In addition, the society should pay attention to the state of the coping style of senior citizens and retired civil servants, strengthen health education and psychological intervention, and improve the mental health of the elderly.